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Biology Comprehensive Exam

A. Fill in the blank with the correct word(s): 1 point each (Correct spelling of terms required.)

1. Sexual reproduction requires two organisms, whereas asexual requires only _________.

2. Organisms are said to be Gram-positive if they stain __________.

3. A __________ is an organism that feeds on a living host.

4. The protein production factories of the cell are the __________.

5. Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits are called __________.

6. Cilia are the numerous short extensions of the __________ membrane used for locomotion.

7. Septate hyphae have a dividing cell __________ between nuclei.

8. A rhizoid hyphae is ____________ in the material on which the fungus grows.

9. __________ is a chemical that provides toughness and flexibility to the fungus cell wall.

10. Fermentation is the ____________ breakdown of sugars into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid.

11. Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta, is termed _______________.

12. Xylem is the vascular tissue that carries substances __________ in a plant.

13. The generation that occupies the largest portion of the lifecycle of an organism is called the ____________ generation.

14. The ____________ is the "seed leaf" which develops as a part of the seed. It provides nutrients to the developing seedling and eventually becomes the first leaf of the plant.

15. The regions of the brain which receive signals from the receptors in the eyes are called ________ lobes.

16. ____________ is a growth-response to light.

17. Perfect flowers are flowers which have both ____________ and carpels.

18. In an _______________ lifecycle, the creature is hatched in freshwater, migrates to saltwater as an adults, and then back to freshwater in order to reproduce.

19. _____________ glands are specialized organs which secret milk to nourish young mammals.

20. Members of the class ___________ are endothermic, have a four-chambered heart, and possess a toothless bill.

B. True or False - Indicate which of the following are true or false: 1 point each

_____ 21. Metabolism is the process by which a plant uses the energy of sunlight and certain chemicals to produce its own food.

______ 22. An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question is called a hypothesis.

______ 23. Biology is the science of classifying organisms.

______ 24. In aerobic respiration, oxygen is required for respiration to occur.

______ 25. Organisms of the phylum Chrysophyta contain cellulose in their cell walls.

_____ 26. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up water.

______ 27. A substance is classified as an element if all atoms contain the same number of protons.

______ 28. A chromosome is a strand of nuclear DNA coiled around and supported by proteins.

______ 29. In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes only one of its alleles to the offspring.

______ 30. A radical chemical change in one or more alleles is termed an adaption.

______ 31. Small holes in an insect's exoskeleton through which air enters its body are called maxillae.

______ 32. An ecosystem where all water runoff drains into a single river or stream is called a watershed.

______ 33. The mantle is a sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration.

______ 34. Vertebrates lack a backbone.

______ 35. Plants use glycolysis to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and water.

______ 36. Vascular tissue that carries substances downward in a plant is called xylem.

______ 37. The arrangement of leaves on the plant's stem is called the plant's mosiac.

______ 38. The axial skeleton is the portion of the skeleton that contains the bones of the limbs.

______ 39. The two parts of a two-part pollen grain include 1 tube nucleus and 1 sperm cells.

______ 40. Substances which affect the rate of cellular reproduction and development of cells are called expeditors.

C. Multiple Choice - Select the best possible answer for the following: 1 point each

41. The correct order for classifying groups is

a. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

b. Order, Kingdom, Family, Class, Genus, Phylum, and Species

c. Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, and Species

d. Genus, Species, Class, Order, Family, Kingdom, and Phylum

42. The dense cytoplasm found in the interior of many cells is called

a. endoplasm

b. organellae

c. cell guts

d. ectoplasm

43. An organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis is called a (an)

a. pellicle

b. vacuole

c. chloroplast

d. eyespot

44. The amoeba uses which of the following to regulate water in the cell?

a. ectoplasm

b. nucleus

c. contractile vacuole

d. cytoplasm

45. The phyla in kingdom Fungi that resembles both protozoa and fungi is

a. Basidiomycota

b. Ascomycota

c. Deuteromycota

d. Myxomycota

46. Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

a. leucoplasts

b. chromoplasts

c. ribosomes

d. mitochrondia

47. The organelle in which nutrients are converted to energy.

a. cytoplasm

b. ribosomes

c. endoplasmic reticulum

d. mitochondria

48. The organelle where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified.

a. Golgi bodies

b. leucoplasts

c. ribosomes

d. cytoplasm

49. The chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane and microtubules attach to one

homologue each in

a. prophase II

b. metaphase I

c. anaphase II

d. telophase I

50. What type of symmetry does an organism possess if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center?

a. spherical

b. radial

c. bilateral

d. none of these

51. Which of the following is not an invertebrate?

a. hydra

b. jellyfish

c. man

d. earthworm

52. Oxygen is replenished in the atmosphere in which of the following ways?

a. photosynthesis

b. ozone breakdown

c. water vapor destruction

d. all the these

53. Which of the following consumers would primarily eat a producer?

a. primary

b. secondary

c. tertiary

d. carnivore

54. Which of the following have scaled wings?

a. Lepidoptera

b. Coleoptera

c. Hymenoptera

d. Diptera

55. In which of the following is the egg hatched inside the female's body?

a. oviparous

b. ovoviviparous

c. vivoparous

d. anadromous

56. Which of the following is not true of amphibians?

a. bony endoskeleton

b. scaley skin

c. four organs of respiration

d. three-chambered heart

57. Which of the following are oval-shaped cells that are rich in chloroplasts?

a. palisade mesophyll

b. cotyledon

c. megablast

d. spongy mesophyll

58. Which of the following is not a plant hormone?

a. auxin

b. gibberellin

c. cytokinin

d. acid phosphatase

59. Which of the following is the membrane that lines the inner wall of the shell, enveloping all of the contents of the inside of a egg?

a. allantois

b. placentae

c. amnion

d. chorion

60. Which of the following classes have Jacobson's organs and scutes?

a. Reptilia

b. Aves

c. Mammalia

d. Polychaeta

D. Matching - Match the term with its definition: 1 point each

A. scientific law

B. mycelium

C. pathogens

D. vacuoles

E. cyanobacteria

F. Sarcodina

G. zygote

H. microorganisms

I. prokaryotic

J. antibiotic

K. undifferentiated

L. closed

M. opercula

N. margin

O. Aves

P. Mammalia

Q. allantois

R. notochord

S. cohesion

T. nastic

_____ 61. A theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data.

_____ 62. Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye.

_____ 63. Another newer name for blue-green algae.

_____ 64. Organisms which cause disease.

_____ 65. Use pseudopods as their means of locomotion.

_____ 66. Lack membrane-bound organelles.

_____ 67. A membrane-bound "sac" within a cell.

_____ 68. The part of the fungus responsible for digestion and absorption of digested food.

_____ 69. The results of reproduction when each parent contributes half the DNA.

_____ 70. A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rates of other organisms.

_____ 71. Members of this class produce a placenta and have mammary glands.

_____ 72. The characteristics of the leaf edge.

_____ 73. The sac of blood vessels that allows for respiration and excretion of the embryo.

_____ 74. The name for the phenomenon that occurs when individual molecules are strongly attracted to one another.

_____ 75. A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support.

_____ 76. Found in meristematic tissue; cells that have no specialized function.

_____ 77. A circulatory system is said to be this when the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels.

_____ 78. Members of this class produce an amnotic egg which is covered in a lime-containing shell.

_____ 79. Changes in turgor pressure in plants produce this kind of movement.

_____ 80. Typical bony fish have these, which cover the gills.

E. Quiz - Provide the best answer for the following: 1 point each (Correct spelling of terms required!)

81. What are simple carbohydrates that contain three to ten carbon atoms called?

82. What is the term which means "to break down complex molecules by chemical addition of water?"

83. A lipid made from fatty acids which have no double bonds between carbon atoms are said to be what?

84. By definition, all organic molecules contain what substance?

85. An atom has 10 protons and 11 neutrons. How many electrons will it have?

86. A tall pea plant has a genotype of (TT). The allele for tallness is dominant. The same plant has white flowers and the white flower characteristic is recessive. If this plant is self-pollinated, what percentage of the offspring will be tall with white flowers?

87. The genotype of a female fruit fly is homozygous for red eyes, which is the dominant trait for this species. The male she mates with also has red eyes. Can this pair have any white-eyed offspring?

88. An AO genotype person who is heterozygous Rh factor positive mates with a BB genotype person who is Rh factor negative. Can this pair of individuals ever have a type O negative baby?

89. A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection to an arthropod is called what?

90. The study of relationships among organisms in an ecosystem is called what?

91. What is the term for the relationship between a sea anemone and clownfish?

92. A measure of the mass of organisms within a region divided by the area of that region is called what?

93. What type of insect development consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult?

94. What is the term for distinct layers of rock used by geologists to date geological time?

95. A shell is a tough, multilayered structure secreted by what part of the mollusk?

96. Organisms of what phylum all have an exoskeleton, body segmentation, jointed appendages, open circulatory system, and ventral nervous system?

97. Reptiles lay an amniotic egg which is covered in what kind of shell?

98. Members of the class Reptilia have a three-chambered heart with a ventricle which is partially what?

99. Turgor pressure can be what by a plant for a short period of time?

100. Members of which class have skeletons composed of porous, lightweight bones which enable them to fly?

_____ points earned /100 points total x 100 = _____ %