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Lecture Starts: 27:35
The Basics,
Part 1
PModule01-1w
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsP/Module01/1stOverhead01.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsP/Module01/2ndOverhead.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsP/Module01/3rdOverhead.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsP/Module01/PModule1SG.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/SampleInformalReport.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/FormLabP.htm
1. Atoms are the ________________ unit of matter.
Atoms
are the smallest unit of matter.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_structure.html
2. T or F:
Atoms are so small that they cannot be seen even with a powerful
electron microscope.
True: Atoms are so small that they cannot be seen
even with a powerful electron microscope.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atomic_resolution_Au100.JPG
3. There are roughly
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms contained in the head of a _______________.
There
are roughly 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms contained in the head of a pin.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_large_numbers
http://education.jlab.org/atomtour/listofparticles.html
4. There are currently how many known basic
kinds of atoms in creation?
There
are currently about 116 basic kinds of atoms known in creation.
5. When a substance is made of billions and
billions of the same atom, it is called a/an
_________.
When
a substance is made of billions and billions of the same atom,
it is called an element.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element
6. T or F:
Images of atoms produced by scanning tunneling electron microscopes are
pictures of actual atoms and prove beyond a doubt that atoms exist.
False: Images of atoms produced by scanning
tunneling electron microscopes are not pictures, but are the result of computer
generated calculations.
The
types of signals made by an SEM can include secondary electrons, back scattered
electrons, characteristic x-rays and light (cathodoluminescence).
These signals come from the beam of electrons striking the surface of the
specimen and interacting with the sample at or near its surface. In its primary
detection mode, secondary electron imaging, the SEM can produce very
high-resolution images of a sample surface, revealing details about 1 to 5 nm
in size. Due to the way these images are created, SEM micrographs have a very
large depth of focus yielding a characteristic three-dimensional appearance
useful for understanding the surface structure of a sample. This great depth of
field and the wide range of magnifications (commonly from about 25 times to
250,000 times) are available in the most common imaging mode for specimens in
the SEM, secondary electron imaging, such as the micrographs displayed on the
web page below.
Characteristic
x-rays are the second most common imaging mode for an SEM. X-rays are emitted
when the electron beam removes an inner shell electron from the sample, causing
a higher energy electron to fill the shell and give off energy. These characteristic
x-rays are used to identify the elemental composition of the sample.
Back-scattered electrons (BSE) that come from the sample may also be used to
form an image. BSE images are often used in analytical SEM along with the
spectra made from the characteristic x-rays as clues to the elemental
composition of the sample.
http://www.mse.iastate.edu/microscopy/home.html
7. Calculated electron microscope images are
part of the large amount of _________ evidence that indicates atoms exist.
Such
calculations images are part of the large amount of indirect evidence that
indicates atoms exist.
8. When two or more atoms link together, they
form a what, which has its own unique properties?
When
two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule, which has its own unique
properties.
http://www.stolaf.edu/depts/chemistry/mo/struc/
9. T or F:
A water molecule is formed when an oxygen
atom links together with two sodium atoms.
False: A water molecule is formed when an oxygen
atom links together with two hydrogen atoms.
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.html
10. Y or N:
A molecule is broken down into its constituent atoms. Do these atoms have the same properties as
the molecule?
No: When a molecule is broken down into its
constituent atoms, the atoms produced do not have the same properties as the
molecule.
11. When salt is dissolved in water, it actually
breaks down into two different substances.
Is salt composed of atoms or molecules?
When
salt is dissolved in water, it actually breaks down into two different atomic
substances, sodium and chloride.
http://www.saltinstitute.org/About-salt
12. Substances made up of billions and billions
of the same molecule are called ____________.
Substances
made up of billions and billions of the same molecules are called compounds.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_compounds.html
13. T or F:
Some substances, called mixtures, are made of more than one kind of atom
or molecule.
True: Some substances, called mixtures, are made of
more than one kind of atom or molecule.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_mixture.html
14. In Experiment 1.1, the copper in the wire (an
element) react with ________ _________
molecules to make copper hydroxycarbonate.
In
Experiment 1.1, the copper (an element) in the wire react with baking soda
molecules to make copper hydroxycarbonate.
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~adg/adg-pzimages.html
15. The Statue of Liberty turned what color
because hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon atoms from various substances in the air
have combined with copper atoms to make copper hydroxycarbonate?
The
Statue of Liberty turned bluish-green because hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon
atoms from various substances in the air have combined with copper atoms to
make copper hydroxycarbonate.
http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/new-york/statue-liberty.php
http://z.about.com/d/architecture/1/7/_/i/Statue_of_Liberty_FREE_l.jpg
http://www.apologiaonline.com/courses/3/f01002.jpg
16. T or F:
On July 23, 1983, the pilot of an Air Canada Boeing 767 passenger airplane had to make an emergency
landing because his plane ran out of fuel.
True: On July 23, 1983, the pilot of an Air Canada Boeing 767 passenger airplane had to make an emergency
landing because his plane ran out of fuel.
http://aircanada.com/en/about/fleet/b767-300er.html
17. When making measurements, the ______ reported
are just as important as the numbers.
When
making measurements, the units reported are just as important as the numbers.
http://people.virginia.edu/~rmf8a/convert.html
18. The base metric unit for mass is the what,
while the base English unit for mass is the slug?
The
base metric unit for mass is the gram, while the base English unit for mass is
the slug.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/Mechanics/slug.html
19. T or F:
The base metric unit for weight is the Rosenoff,
while the base English unit for weight is the Wile.
False: The base metric unit for weight is the
Newton, while the base English unit for weight is the pound.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight
20. Although the weight of an object varies
depending on gravity, the _______ does not.
Although
the weight of an object varies depending on gravity, the mass does not.
In
everyday usage, mass is more commonly referred to as weight, but in physics and
engineering, weight means the strength of the gravitational pull on the object;
that is, how heavy it is, measured in units of force. In everyday situations,
the weight of an object is proportional to its mass, which usually makes it
unproblematic to use the same word for both concepts. However, the distinction
between mass and weight becomes important for measurements with a precision
better than a few percent (due to slight differences in the strength of the
Earth's gravitational field at different places), and for places far from the
surface of the Earth, such as in space or on other planets.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mass.html
21. The base metric unit for distance is the
meter, and the base English unit for distance is the what?
The
base metric unit for distance is the meter, and the base English unit for
distance is the foot.
http://www.worldwidemetric.com/metcal.htm
22. T or F:
The base metric unit for volume is the liter, and the base English unit
for volume is the gallon.
True: The base metric unit for volume is the liter,
and the base English unit for volume is the gallon.
http://www.conversion-metric.org/volume_conversion/
23. In the metric system, prefixes govern the
______ of a unit.
In
the metric system, prefixes govern the size of a unit.
http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/prefixes.html
24. The “milli” prefix
means what, while the centi prefix means 0.01?
The
“milli” prefix means 0.001, while the centi prefix means 0.01?
25. One kilogram equals
how many grams?
One
kilogram equals 1000 grams.