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The Oceans of Our Planet, Part 2

 

Lesson 02:  MNotes01-2b

 

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsM/Module01/1stOverhead02.htm

 

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsM/Module01/2ndOverhead.htm

 

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsM/Module01/3rdOverhead.htm

 

http://www.redwagontutorials.com/php/  

 

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsM/Module01/MModule1SG.htm

 

http://redwagontutorials.com/SampleInformalReport.htm

 

http://redwagontutorials.com/FormLabM.htm

 

1.  The major property of water that keeps its molecules together is what?

 

The major property of water that keeps its molecules together is hydrogen bonding.  This creates a flexible “skin” at the water’s surface called surface tension.

 

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/161Ahydrogenbond.html

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension

 

2.  Water naturally exists on earth in three phases.  What are they and give me an example?  

 

Water naturally exists on earth in three phases: solid – in the form of ice or snow, liquid – in the form of water, and gas – in the form of water vapor.

 

http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/snowcrystals/photos/photos.htm 

 

3.  When water freezes it becomes _________ __________, allowing solid water to float on liquid water.

 

When water freezes it becomes less dense, allowing solid water to float on liquid water.

 

http://www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/modules/water/info_wat.html

 

4.  Water does not change temperature very quickly despite drastic air temperature changes.  Waters non-changeability is due to what property?

 

Water has a high specific heat; therefore, it does not change temperature very quickly despite drastic air temperature changes.

 

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterproperties.html

 

5.  True or False:  Water is often called the universal solvent because it can dissolve more substances than most other liquids.

 

True.  Water is often called the universal solvent because it can dissolve more substances than most other liquids.

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_(molecule)#Water_as_a_solvent

 

6.  Seawater consists of pure water with materials dissolved in it.  The solids in seawater come from what two sources?

 

The solids in seawater come from the weathering of rocks and hydrothermal vents.

 

Seawater consists of pure water with materials dissolved in it.  The solids come from the weathering of rocks on land, carried to the ocean by rivers.  They also come from the mantle area of the earth, released through deep openings called hydrothermal vents.

 

http://www.americansouthwest.net/utah/monument_valley/photographs.html

 

http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/vents/vent-infomod.html#

 

7.  ___________________ is a measure of the total amount of salt dissolved in a solvent. 

 

Salinity is a measure of the total amount of salt dissolved in a solvent.

 

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/salinity.html  

 

8.  Evaporation will result in greater or lesser salinity of the water left behind?

 

Evaporation will result in greater salinity of the water left behind.

 

http://www.mos.org/oceans/planet/index.html

 

9.  The ocean is blue because _______________ of blue light can penetrate much deeper than those of the other colors

 

The ocean is blue because wavelengths of blue light can penetrate much deeper than those of the other colors

 

http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l2/emspectrum.html  

 

10.  The blue color of the ocean is also enhanced by the reflection of what on the ocean’s surface?

 

The blue color of the ocean is also enhanced by the reflection of the blue sky on the surface.

 

http://realcolorwheel.com/sky1.htm

 

11.  What increases dramatically in the ocean with depth?

 

Pressure in the ocean increases dramatically with depth

 

http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-science/deep-ocean-exploration    

 

12.  For every ____________ meters of depth, another atmosphere of pressure is added.

 

For every 10 meters of depth, another atmosphere of pressure is added

 

http://www.onr.navy.mil/Focus/ocean/water/pressure1.htm

 

13.  T or F:  Winds in our atmosphere result from temperature differences caused by heat from the sun.

 

True:  Winds in our atmosphere do result from temperature differences caused by heat from the sun.

 

http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/qscat_day-1.pl

 

http://manati.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/quikscat/

 

14.  Winds do not move in straight lines because of what?

 

Winds do not move in straight lines because of the Coriolis effect

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_effect

 

http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/crls.rxml

 

15.  The major currents of the open ocean are driven by the wind.  The circular patterns that result are called _______________.

 

The major currents of the open ocean are driven by the wind.  The circular patterns that result are called gyres.

 

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/currents/05currents3.html 

 

16.  T or F:  Gyres move counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

 

False:  Gyres move clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

 

http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/Oceans.html

 

17.  Waves do not actually transport water, but they carry what across the water’s surface?

 

Waves do not actually transport water, but they carry energy across the water’s surface.

 

http://ocsenergy.anl.gov/guide/wave/index.cfm

 

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/u10l2c.cfm 

 

18.  Tidal ranges are their largest during which stages of the moon?  

 

Tidal ranges are their largest during the full moon and the new moon.  This is because of the gravitational pull of the aligned sun and moon.  Scientists call this a spring tide.

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide

 

19.  The smallest tidal range is when the moon and sun are at right angles to each other (during quarter moons).  This is called a _______________ tide.

 

The smallest tidal range is when the moon and sun are at right angles to each other (during quarter moons).  This is called a neap tide.

 

http://home.hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/moon/moontides/

 

20.  T or F:  Cool winter temperatures cause the water temperature of the surface layer of the ocean to become colder, resulting in a denser portion of water.

 

True:  Cool winter temperatures cause the water temperature of the surface layer of the ocean to become colder, resulting in a denser portion of water.

 

http://alex.state.al.us/uploads/23942/thermocline.gif  

 

21.  As surface layer begins to sink due to its increased density, it displaces the same amount of water in a deeper layer.  This process is called what?

 

As this portion begins to sink, it displaces the same amount of water in a deeper layer.  This process is called overturn.

 

http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/circulation/index.html

 

22.  The surface layer of the ocean is thin and well-mixed, being exposed to _____________ and _____________. 

 

The surface layer of the ocean is thin and well-mixed, being exposed to wind and currents. 

 

It is generally warmer in temperature than the rest of the water column.  The deep layer is uniformly cold and much thicker than the surface layer. 

 

23.  The transitional zone between the warm surface layer and the colder deeper layers of the ocean is called what?

 

A thermocline separates the warm and cold regions of the ocean and is considered a transitional zone between them.

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline