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Lecture: GModule15-1w
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module15/1stOverhead29b.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module15/FormalReport2.htm
http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module15/FormalReport2d.htm
http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/Science/HumanBody/Heart.htm
http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph1.html
1. Which system in Module 15 removes excess
fluid from body tissues and returns it to the blood stream?
a. The lymphatic system.
2. What else does the lymphatic system do?
a. It cleans the fluid of microorganisms and
other contaminants.
3. Other than blood vessels, what other kind of
transport vessel are there in your body?
a. lymph vessels, which carry a water fluid that
is found in between the body's cells.
4. What is the name of the watery, clear fluid
found in between the body's cells?
a. Interstitial fluid.
5. Where does interstitial fluid come from?
a. It leaks out of the capillaries and passes
into and out of the cells.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid
6. Why is interstitial fluid important?
a. It is very important because it facilitates
the exchange of gases between the cells and the blood. This fluid must be collected and cleaned
before it can return to the blood.
7. T or F:
The lymphatic system is often called “the drainage system for the human
body.”
a. True.
The lymphatic system is often called “the drainage system for the human
body.” Just as a drainage ditch is very
important to a farm, the lymphatic system is very important to the human body.
8. Without the lymphatic network, what would
happen to the human body?
Without the
lymphatic network, the body tissues would become waterlogged and full of toxic
chemicals and pathogenic organisms.
http://www.aikidofaq.com/bilder/anatomy/Lymphatic.jpg
9. The lymphatic system is about the same size
and scope as what?
a. The network of lymph vessels is essentially
the same size and scope as the network of arteries or veins in the body.. After all, the lymph vessels must collect and
clean the fluids surrounding all of the cells in the body. Thus, wherever you
find capillaries, you will find lymph vessels as well.
90,000 miles
long (Earth circumference: 24,902 miles or 3.6 times around)
10. Unlike the capillaries which are
closed-ended, lymph vessels are _________ - ended.
a. Unlike the capillaries which are
closed-ended, lymph vessels are
opened-ended. Unlike capillaries,
however, lymph vessels begin as “dead-end” vessels. Remember, in capillaries
the blood comes in from an artery and goes out into a vein. Thus, the
capillaries provide a way in for the blood and a way out. Lymph vessels,
however, are simply there to collect excess fluid. Thus, they are open-ended,
like the drains of a sewer. Fluid flows into them and then makes its way back
to where it is cleaned and put back into the blood supply.
11. Why is the lymphatic system also considered
the body's "early warning" system?
a. It tells the body about potential
disease-causing situations. Remember,
the lymphatic system carries fluid that has been in and out of the body's
cells, so it is well-equipped to detect potential threats to the body.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookIMMUN.html
12. T or F:
Interstitial fluid found in the lymph vessels is called plasma.
a. False.
Interstitial fluid found in the lymph vessels is called lymph.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002247.htm#Information
13. What is the main purpose of lymph nodes?
a. These are places where the lymph is cleaned
before it is returned to the blood. The
nodes are concentrated in certain regions. There are several nodes (the
“intestinal nodes”) near the small intestine, others (the “axillary nodes”)
near the armpits, still others (the “cervical nodes”) near the neck, etc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_node
14. If a doctor finds swollen lymph nodes in a
person’s right armpit (the right axillary nodes), what does this indicate?
a. Swollen lymph nodes in an area indicate that
those nodes are fighting an infection.
Swollen right axillary nodes would indicate an infection in a person’s
right arm or chest.
15. Is there a heart to pump lymph?
a. No.
The lymph vessels are position so that when skeletal muscle contracts it
pushes the lymph around in it system.
http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph3.html
16. What does the efficient design of the
lymphatic system tell us about God?
a. Rather than making another “heart” for the
lymphatic system, God simply designed the lymph vessels to be in the right
place so that muscular contractions can govern the flow of lymph. That allows
the body to use the motion of muscles (which are done for some other purpose)
to be used to also power the flow of lymph.
17. What does the spleen do?
a. It is an organ where many white blood cells
reside and reproduce. These WBC's grow
and mature in the spleen and are stored there for use in fighting disease.
http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph6.html
18. Besides causing your throat to be sore, what
do the tonsils and adenoids do as part of the lymphatic system?
a. Tonsils and adenoids which work together to
produce and release antibodies that attack pathogens which are eaten or
inhaled.
19. A group of cells that prepare and release a
chemical for use by the body is called what?
a. A gland is a group of cells that prepare and
release a chemical for use by the body.
20. T or F:
The thymus gland produces white blood cells and antibodies.
a. True.
The thymus gland produces white blood cells and antibodies.
http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph5.html
21. Inside of every lymph node there is what?
a. Inside of every lymph node there is a complex
filtration system. This system
identifies the “bad” chemicals and organisms in the lymph and traps them,
allowing the clean lymph to travel back into the bloodstream.
http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph7.html
22. Lymph vessels that feed into a lymph node are
called ____________ lymph vessels.
a. Lymph vessels that feed into a lymph node are
called afferent lymph vessels. The first
thing you should notice about the lymph node is that several lymph vessels
(called “afferent lymph vessels”) feed into it, but only one vessel (the
“efferent lymph vessel”) leads out. Now if you think about it, this should make
sense. After all, there are many, many tiny lymph vessels that collect
interstitial fluid throughout the body. Those vessels must combine together at
some point into a larger vessel which will eventually dump the cleaned lymph
back into the bloodstream.
23. A lymph node acts not only as a filtration
system but also as a what?
a. A lymph node, then, acts not only as a
filtration system, but also a transfer station, where many vessels combine
their fluid into a larger vessel.
http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph3.html
24. T or F:
The single vessel that leads out of a lymph node branches into many
small vessels that return to the heart.
a. False:
The single vessel that leads out of a lymph node does not branches into
many small vessels that return to the heart.
It is likely that the efferent lymph vessel leading out of one lymph
node will eventually lead into another lymph node as an afferent vessel. This
means that lymph usually travels through more than one lymph node (and
therefore gets cleaned more than once) before getting dumped back into the
bloodstream.
25. What keeps lymph moving toward the heart?
a. Valves within the lymph vessels keep lymph
moving toward the heart. These valves
are scattered throughout each lymph vessel, and their job is to keep the lymph
moving in only one direction: back towards the heart. Because of their
ingenious design, lymph can flow one way through the valve but it cannot pass
back the other way. As a result, lymph travels only towards the heart, not back
from where it came. Similar one-way valves can be found in veins.
26. White blood cells found in the lymph system
are called what?
a. Lymphocytes.
The cleaning power of lymph nodes comes from the white blood cells.
White blood cells found in the lymph system are called lymphocytes. There are
many different kinds of lymphocytes, each of which performs different tasks in
the lymphatic system.
http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph8.html
27. What are the three kinds lymphocytes?
a. B-cells, T-cells, and macrophages.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte
28. What do B-cells do?
a. They produce antibodies that attack specific
disease-causing microorganisms.
29. What do T-cells do?
a. Attack microorganisms directly. One can think about B-cells and T-cells this way:
B-cells are “archers” who shoot their enemies with arrows (antibodies) from a
distance, while T-cells are “swordsmen” who attack the enemy in hand-to-hand
combat.
30. What do macrophages do?
a. Scavenge the lymph, eating bacteria and other
debris.