GModule01-1b

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A Brief History of Science, Part 1

Lesson 01: GNotes01-1b

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http://www.redwagontutorials.com/php/

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module01/GModule1SG.htm

http://redwagontutorials.com/SampleInformalReport.htm

http://redwagontutorials.com/FormLabG.htm

http://www.mrsmacdonaldteacher.com/image_science_globe.gif

1. Your module starts out asking the question, “What is science?” According to Dr. Wile, science is the branch of study dedicated to the accumulation and classification of observable ________ in order to formulate general laws about the natural world.

Science is the branch of study dedicated to the accumulation and classification of observable facts in order to formulate general laws about the natural world.

Science, like any discipline, has both a purpose and practice.

2. The purpose of science is to develop what that explain how the world around us works and why things happen? _______________ _______________

The purpose of science is to develop general laws that explain how the world around us works and why things happen.

http://www.sandia.gov/ciim/ASK/images/Science%20Fair.jpg

3. The practice of science involves which of the following two things?

a. experimentation

b. observation

c. both (a) and (b)

d. neither (a) nor (b)

http://images2.fanpop.com/images/photos/3900000/Fantasy-Planet-science-fiction-3999022-1024-768.jpg

4. T or F: Studying the history of science can teach us how science should and should not be practiced. ________

True: Studying the history of science can teach us how science should and should not be practiced.

5. Imhotep was an Egyptian who lived around 2650 B.C. He was known for his _______________ _______________.

Imhotep was an Egyptian who lived around 2650 B.C. He was known for his medical knowledge.

Imhotep -- http://www.crystalinks.com/imhotep.html

6. Which of the following might have been used by Imhotep?

a. penicillin

b. morphine

c. codeine

d. all the above might have been used.

(d) is the correct answer. Penicillin, morphine, and codeine from poppy seeds are all examples.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/nov2003.html

7. What type of paper did the Egyptians use? _______________

Papyrus is a primitive form of paper, made from a long-leaf plant, which was used by the ancient Egyptians.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus

8. T or F: The invention of paper revolutionized the way information was transmitted from person to person. ________

True: The invention of paper revolutionized the way information was transmitted from person to person.

9. Other than ancient Egypt, what other three cultures had impressive inventions?

a. _______________ were making pottery on a potter’s wheel.

Mesopotamians were making pottery on a potter’s wheel.

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/wam/ht02wam.htm

b. _______________ developed horse-drawn chariots.

Sumerians developed horse-drawn chariots.

http://www.crystalinks.com/sumermilitary.html

http://www.plasticsoldierreview.com/review.aspx?id=1080

c. _______________ were using compasses to aid their religious practices.

Chinese were using compasses to aid their religious practices.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Model_Si_Nan_of_Han_Dynasty.jpg

10. Historians view which of the following as one of humanity’s first real scientists?

a. Thales

b. Galileo

c. Einstein

d. Mr. Rosenoff

(a) is the correct answer. Historians view Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes as humanity’s first real scientists.

Thales -- studied the heavens

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales

Anaximander – origins of life without reference to a creator

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaximander

Anaximenes – believed all things were constructed from air

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Miletus

11. Leucippus proposed that all matter is comprised of little units called what? _______________

Leucippus proposed that all matter is comprised of little units called atoms. He is known as the father of atomic theory.

12. T or F: Anaximenes thought that atoms were like the sand of a breach? ________

False: Democritus thought that atoms were like the sand of a breach.

http://www.thebigview.com/greeks/index.html

http://www.thebigview.com/greeks/democritus.html

13. What term do we use today for how tightly packed atoms are in a substance? _______________

Density: a large density indicates how tightly packed atoms may be, and a small density indicates how loosely packed they may be.

14. 100,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms are contained on the head of _______________.

100,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms are contained on the head of pin……..and they are in constant motion!!!

http://dogdreams.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/pins.jpg

http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/large.html

15. Who is often called the father of life sciences?

a. Pasteur

b. Plank

c. Dr. Wile

d. Aristotle

(d) is the correct answer. Aristotle is often called the father of life sciences.

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html

16. What large scale thing regarding plants and animals did Aristotle do? _______________

Classification. Aristotle was the first to attempt classification of the plants and animals he saw.

17. Aristotle’s idea that living organisms can be spontaneously formed from non-living substances is called _______________ _______________.

Aristotle’s idea that living organisms can be spontaneously formed from non-living substances is called spontaneous generation.

18. T or F: The reputation of the author (Aristotle), not the scientific evidence, was the reason people believed in the idea. ________

True: The reputation of the author (Aristotle), not the scientific evidence, was the reason people believed in the idea. It took 2000 years for Aristotle to be shown wrong. During that time, people believed spontaneous generation to be true--even though there was evidence that it was not true--simply because Aristotle said it was so.

19. Which scientist discovered something while taking a bath?

a. Archimedes

b. Ptolemy

c. Imhotep

d. Galileo

(a) is the correct answer. Archimedes discovered the concept of mass displacement while taking a bath.

https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/contents.html

20. Archimedes showed that mathematics and science are closely _______________.

Archimedes showed that mathematics and science are closely linked. Mathematics often provides data which shows scientific ideas to be correct or false. Scientific observation often shows mathematic predictions to be correct or in error.

21. Which scientist proposed the geocentric system for our solar system? _______________

Ptolemy -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy

22. What is at the center of the solar system in the Ptolemaic system? ________ _______________

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsG/Module01/Figure1.2.htm

The earth. All the planets travel around the earth in circles, called epicycles, according to Ptolemy.

23. T or F: The Church liked Ptolemy’s view of the solar system. ________

True: The Church liked Ptolemy’s view of the solar system. The Church thought that since God had created man and He had placed man on earth, the earth must be the most important thing in the universe. It seemed logical to them that the earth must, therefore, be at the very center of the universe, just as Ptolemy had predicted.

24. Like the Ptolemaic system, evolution is popular, not because there is a lot evidence for it, but because it fits in with many preconceived _______________ and _______________.

Like the Ptolemaic system, evolution is popular, not because there is a lot evidence for it, but because it fits in with many preconceived notions and beliefs.

25. Science stalled during the days of what Empire? ________ ______________ _______________

http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Roman_Colosseum.html

Science stalled during the days of the Roman Empire. Rome did not mind the inventions, especially those that made work more productive and Rome more powerful; but it had little use for the practice of explaining the world around us.

26. Who wanted to change lead into gold?

a. the alchemists

b. the evolutionists

c. the environmentalists

d. the procrastinists

(a) is the correct answer. The alchemists wanted to change lead into gold. Like the Egyptians, the alchemists never really tried to understand how the natural world worked. They were interested in making and finding “the next useful substance.”

http://www.alchemylab.com/history_of_alchemy.htm

27. Science ground to a halt during the Dark Ages due to bad _______________ and lack of _______________ to carry information from one place to another.

As Rome crumbled, large scale communication became harder and harder. Science, which relies on free exchange of ideas, ground to a halt due to bad roads and lack of ships to carry information from one place to another.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Ages

28. In 1054, Chinese scientists observed a star exploding. An explosion of a star today is called what? ________ _______________

An explosion of a star today is called a supernova. The remains of an exploded star are called a nebula.

Crab Nebula : http://search.aol.com/aol/image?invocationType=imageTab&query=Crab+Nebula