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Lecture: BModule16-1w

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsB/Module16/1stOverhead31b.htm

www.apologiascience.com

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsB/Module16/ExperimentGrade2.htm

http://redwagontutorials.com/HandoutsB/Module16/FormalReport2d.htm

http://redwagontutorials.com/RequiredLabsB.htm

1. What are the common characteristics of reptiles:

Covered in tough, dry scales

Breathe with lungs

Three-chambered heart with a partially divided ventricle

Produce amniotic eggs with a leathery shell

If they have legs, the legs are paired

All are ectothermic.

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Reptilia.html

2. What is the purpose of the scales?

They prevent water loss and provide insulation.

3. What is the difference between reptile lungs and amphibian lungs?

Lungs are the ONLY way that reptile breathe.

4. A reptile heart look like a cross between the heart of a _________ and the heart of a ________

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookcircSYS.html

A reptile heart look like a cross between the heart of a amphibian and the heart of a bird or mammal.

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/aegg.gif

5. What is a?

The embryo. That’s what the egg is all about.

6. What is b? What is its purpose?

The chorion. It lines the inner wall of the egg shell, holding in the contents of the egg.

7. What is c? What is its purpose?

The amnion. Forms around the embryo and contains the amniotic fluid.

8. This structure labeled (d) DOES NOT get smaller as the embryo develops. What is it, and what is its purpose?

This is the allantois. It allows for breathing and excretion.

9. What is e? What is its purpose?

This is the yolk sac. It contains the yolk.

10. What is f? What is its purpose?

This is the yolk. It feeds the embryo.

11. Do the eggs you buy at the store have embryos?

No.

Interestingly enough, the chicken (which appears in history about 2,000 years ago in India) lays eggs whether or not it mates. Thus, if the male chicken (the rooster) is separated from the female, the female continues to lay eggs, but the egg cell has not been fertilized and, as a result, there is no embryo. These eggs are called ‘infertile eggs.’ Most birds lay eggs only after they have mated and, as a result, produce fertile eggs.

It turns out that some birds can be INDUCED into laying infertile eggs. If presented with a nest, a female bird might start laying eggs regardless of whether or not she has mated. It is thought that this is how egg-laying chickens were developed. People presented birds with nests to encourage egg-laying. As time went on, the chickens became domesticated and adapted to laying eggs with or without a mate.

Chickens can still be ‘conditioned’ into laying more eggs. In an ‘egg farm,’ chickens are given 3 periods of light and dark (4 hours of light, 4 hours of dark, 4 hours of light….). This seems to make the chickens think that 3 days have passed, and they lay more eggs.

http://www.mtbruce.org.nz/tuatarainfo.htm

This is a tuatara. This reptile is a rare animal that is found only on the island off the coast of New Zealand. It is the only living member of the group of reptiles called beak-heads (order Rhynchocephalia). Out of the 6,000 species of reptiles only two are tuataras. A male can get up to 25 in. long and can weigh more than 2 pounds, but the females are shorter and weight less than the males. This reptile eats small insects, spiders and other small creatures that crawl on the ground.

12. Why is the tuatara population dwindling?

Human beings introduced rats to New Zealand. These rats are eating tuatara eggs. Since the tuatara previously had no real predators, it does not reproduce much, since it did not need to. As a result, there are now not enough births to replace the ones that have died before birth.

13. A member of order Squamata has the same kind of scales over its entire body. Is it a lizard or a snake?

It is a lizard. Snakes have specialized scales called SCUTES, which allow them to move along the ground.

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/stongue.jpg

14. What is this snake doing?

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/jacobsen.jpg

It is smelling. Snakes have a keen sense of smell that in enhanced by Jacobsen’s organs. These sensory pits are in the snakes mouth. The tongue picks up airborne chemicals and then puts them on the Jacobsen’s organs to further enhance the sense of smell.

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/rattle.jpg

15. What kind of snake is this?

A rattlesnake…note the rattle.

16. What other means of detecting prey does this snake have?

The snake is a form of pit viper that has heat-sensing pits between the nostrils and eyes. These pits are actually infrared light detectors. All warm bodies emit infrared light. Human science could not engineer infrared light detectors as good as the rattlesnake’s until about 1960.

17. Can a snake swallow something that is larger than itself?

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/gulp.jpg

Yes. These are time-lapsed images of a snake eating an egg. The snake can swallow the egg because it can unhinge its jaw, making its mouth huge.

18. True or False. The snake has no true skeletal system.

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/sskel.jpg

False. Although you might not think of a snake having a skeleton, it does!

19. Yes or No. Is this snake poisonous?

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/csnake.jpg

The coral snake is poisonous. One way to tell poisonous snakes from nonpoisonous ones is by color. “Red against black, poison lack. Red against yellow kills a fellow.”

20. Which one of the pictures on your screen is not a lizard?

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/repitles.jpg

Believe it or not, these are ALL lizards. Even though it has no legs, the glass snake in the upper middle part of the figure has moveable eyelids and a lower jaw that does not separate. Thus, it is considered a lizard. Another of the many exceptions in biology…..

the chameleon, glass snake, monitor, (bottom) iguana, Gila monster, and gecko.

21. Does a turtle ever molt its shell?

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/tskel.jpg

Can you see why turtles cannot get out of their shell?

22. Is this an alligator or a crocodile?

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/aorc.jpg

It is an alligator. Notice that no teeth stick out of its closed mouth. Compare the alligator picture to this one:

http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/herpetology/act-plan/a-plan68.htm

NO TYPING!!!

23. Where are the dinosaurs in the Bible?

Job 40:15-23

Behold now behemoth, which I made with you; he eats grass as an ox. Lo now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the navel of his belly. He moves his tail like a cedar; the sinews of his stones are wrapped together. His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron…Behold, he drinks up a river, and hastens not; he trusts that he can draw up Jordan into his mouth.

Sounds like brachiosaurus or apatosaurus.

http://www.mce.k12tn.net/dinosaurs/brachiosaurus.htm

http://www.ircs.upenn.edu/cogsci2000/apatosaurus.html

Job 41:1-34

Can thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord that you let down? Can you put a hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn? Can you fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears? None is so fierce that dare stir him up His scales are his pride. In his neck remains strength. When he raises up himself, the mighty are afraid. He esteems iron as straw and brass as rotten wood. The arrow cannot make him flee. Darts are counted as stubble...

Sounds like plesiosaurus

http://www.prehistory.com/timeline/jurassic.htm

These verses imply that Job should have SEEN the dinosaurs.

24. Is there evidence that humans and dinosaurs lived together?

YES. Human footprints are found in rock that evolutionists say is WAY TOO OLD.

http://www.bible.ca/tracks/tracks.htm

The Laetoli Prints are human footprints that appear in the fossil record 'millions of years' earlier than human supposedly did. Evolutionists have tried in vain to get ANY animal (even a DANCING BEAR) to make similar tracks.

Human footprints were found in rock that is supposedly 300 million years old. The geologist said that they must be carvings or forgeries, or all geologists should 'give up their jobs and start driving trucks.'

A human footprint has been found that has trilobite fossils inside of it. Trilobites went extinct, according to evolutionists, 500 million years ago!

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/pglyph.jpg

This is a drawing of a petroglyph (Natural Bridges National Monument) that has been attributed to the work of the ancient Anasazi Indians who lived in this area from approximately 400 A.D. to 1300 A.D.

http://www.highschoolscience.com/images/plgyph2.jpg

Stones found in the Nazca desert plains by Dr. Javier Cabrera Darquea, a research professor at Inca National University. Attributed to Incas from 500 BC to 500 AD.