Isaac Newton
General Science
Module 1 Study Guide
Question 1
a. Science is a branch of study
dedicated to the accumulation and classification of observable facts in order
to formulate general laws about the natural world.
b. Papyrus is a
primitive form of paper, made from the long-leafed plant, the papyrus.
c. Spontaneous
generation is the idea that living organisms can be spontaneously formed from
non-living substances.
Question 2
a. We should support a scientific idea based on the evidence, not the
people who believe in it.
b. Scientific progress depends not only on scientists but also on government
and culture.
c. Scientific progress occurs by building on the work of previous scientists.
3. Imhotep was an Egyptian doctor.
4. The ancient Egyptians
didn't use observations to explain the world around them; therefore, they are
not considered scientists.
5. Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes were ancient Greeks who were called the first
three scientists.
6. Leucippus and Democritus
are remembered for their idea of everything being made of atoms.
7. Aristotle came up with the idea of
spontaneous generation.
8. Aristotle came up with the
large-scale classification scheme for living creatures.
9. In the Ptolemaic system the earth is
at the center of the universe and all the other planets and the stars travel
around the earth. In the Copernican system the sun is in the middle and
the planets travel around the sun. The Copernican system is more correct.
10. Alchemists wanted to turn lead into
gold.
11. Alchemists weren't considered
scientists because they used trial and error.
12. Science began to progress towards
the end of the Dark Ages because the Christian worldview began to replace the
Roman worldview.
13. Grosseteste
was the first modern scientist because he was the first one to use the
scientific method.
14. The authors were
Copernicus and Vesalius. The book written by Copernicus was about the
arrangement of the planets and stars in space. The book by Vesalius was
on the human body.
15. Galileo’s church wouldn't let go of
the geocentric view and the church demanded that Galileo hold to the geocentric
view in all his writings.
16. Galileo claimed to invent the
telescope.
17. Sir Isaac Newton was the greatest
scientist of all time. He laid down three laws of motion, he formulated a
universal law of gravitation, and he developed the mathematical field of
calculus.
18. The good part of the change during
the enlightenment was scientists started relying on experiments and data.
The bad part of the change was that the scientists started to ignore the
authority of the Bible and questioned the truth of the Bible.
19. Lavoisier was the first to analyze
chemical reactions in a systematic way and he was the first to be able to
explain combustion. He came up with the Law of Mass Conservation
20.
21.
22. The immutability of species was the
idea that living creatures can't change.
23. Mendel is remembered for his work in
genetics.
24. James Clerk Maxwell is the founder
of modern physics.
25. James Joule came up with the First
Law of Thermodynamics.
26. Max Planck made the assumption that
energy comes in packets called quanta.
27. Niels Bohr
is remembered for his theory of the atom.
28. Einstein also developed the special
theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity.